Colour-odour correspondences in women during the menstrual cycle: Comparative analysis between the menstrual and ovulation phases

Women might experience modulation in their perception and cognition of colours and odours during the menstrual cycle, but how women's impressions of and correspondence between colours and odours differ according to the cycle changes remains unknown. Here, we experimentally examined women's performance of several tasks, including evaluation of impressions of colours and odours, matching/nonmatching of colours with odours, and identification of odours, comparing two phases: the beginning of menstruation and ovulation. The results showed that participants had similar impressions of colours and odours and made similar colour choices for odours in both the menstrual and ovulation phases, while “pleasant-unpleasant” impressions of colour and odour might vary according to the menstrual cycle. We found no significant differences in odour identification between the phases. The findings imply that hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle might affect “pleasant-unpleasant” impressions of colour and odour but not other features regarding impressions or crossmodal correspondence. In future studies, examination with a large number of participants is necessary.     

Hierarchical Learning Water Cycle Algorithm

In order to improve the global searching ability of Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), the hierarchical learning concept is introduced and the Hierarchical Learning WCA (HLWCA) is proposed in this paper. The underlying idea of HLWCA is to divide the solutions into collections and give these collections with hierarchy differences. One of the collections has a higher hierarchy than others and utilizes an exploration-inclined updating mechanism. The solutions in this high hierarchy collection are the exemplars of other collections. The other collections are sorted according to the exemplars’ function value and the solutions in these collections actively choose whether to follow their own exemplar or not. Through different updating mechanisms of collections, the global searching ability is improved while the fast convergence and strong local search ability of WCA are retained. The proposed HLWCA is firstly experimented on IEEE CEC 2017 benchmark suite to testify its performance on complex numerical optimization tasks. Then, it is tested on four practical design benchmark problems to verify its ability of solving real-world problems. The experimental results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

脉冲电流对6016-T4铝合金板材力学性能的影响

为研究在电流辅助成形时脉冲电流的电流密度、占空比和脉冲频率3个因素对6016-T4铝合金板材力学性能的影响规律,设计了3因素5水平的正交实验。实验表明,对6016-T4铝合金力学性能影响的主次因素是:电流密度>占空比>脉冲频率。在此基础上,选用主次2个因素,即电流密度和脉冲频率,使用控制变量法进行进一步的实验研究。实验结果表明,电流密度对6016-T4铝合金力学性能影响较大,改变电流密度的同时带来了明显的焦耳热效应,该效应对材料有明显的软化作用,降低了材料的流动应力,但是,同时也降低了铝合金板的伸长率,这是因为过大的电流密度加剧了试样的主应变演化,进而促进了试样的断裂。而脉冲频率的变化对6016-T4铝合金板材的力学性能影响很小,这也印证了正交实验的结论。     

改进ILoG算子的故障检测方法

针对强背景噪声干扰下轮对轴承故障特征微弱、难以准确检测的问题,提出了一种自适应改进高斯拉普拉斯(improved Laplacian of Gaussian,简称ILoG)算子的微弱故障检测方法。ILoG算子滤波器具有优良的信号突变特征检测能力,将其用于轮对轴承故障信号的冲击特征检测,同时利用水循环算法(water cycle algorithm,简称WCA)的寻优特性,并行搜寻筛选最佳的ILoG算子影响参数,通过对参数优化后ILoG算子滤波后信号做进一步包络解调分析,提取出轮对轴承微弱的故障特征信息。对实际轮对轴承外圈和内圈故障信号分析的结果表明,该方法可以有效检测出轴承微弱故障特征频率,故障检测效果优于小波阈值和多尺度形态学差值滤波方法。     

A comparative thermodynamic analysis of Kalina and organic Rankine cycles for hot dry rock: a prospect study in the Gonghe Basin

Hot dry rock is a new type of geothermal resource which has a promising application prospect in China. This paper conducted a comparative research on performance evaluation of two eligible bottoming cycles for a hot dry rock power plant in the Gonghe Basin. Based on the given heat production conditions, a Kalina cycle and three organic Rankine cycles were tested respectively with different ammonia-water mixtures of seven ammonia mass fractions and nine eco-friendly working fluids. The results show that the optimal ammonia mass fraction is 82% for the proposed bottoming Kalina cycle in view of maximum net power output. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that wet fluids should be supercritical while dry fluids should be saturated at the inlet of turbine, respectively. The maximum net power output of the organic Rankine cycle with dry fluids expanding from saturated state is higher than that of the other organic Rankine cycle combinations, and is far higher than the maximum net power output in all tested Kalina cycle cases. Under the given heat production conditions of hot dry rock resource in the Gonghe Basin, the saturated organic Rankine cycle with the dry fluid butane as working fluid generates the largest amount of net power.     

基于网络数据统计的食品欺诈研究分析

目的 建立符合我国国情的食品欺诈数据库, 补充国际上已建立的经济利益驱动型掺假(economically motivated adulteration, EMA)数据库空白。方法 搜集2001~2019年发生的食品欺诈行为, 初步建立具有中国国情的食品欺诈数据库。对数据库中信息完备的454条欺诈数据进行分析。结果 媒体报道数据占食品欺诈信息总数的71.6%; 食用农产品、酒类、乳制品、肉制品等11类产品是欺诈事件发生较多的食品类别; 产品欺诈(72.2%)高居食品欺诈类型的首位; 2001~2019年食品欺诈事件数量呈现出先上升后降低, 再上升再降低的“M”状趋势; 目前食品欺诈检测技术主要以理化分析技术为主, 针对的食品类别还有限; 食品欺诈信息以中国为主(89.0%), 涉及到世界各个地区。结论 食品欺诈是广泛存在的全球性问题, 本研究建立的食品欺诈数据库为预防食品安全风险起到了重要的技术支撑作用。     

A Step toward Molecular Evolution of RNA: Ribose Binds to Prebiotic Fatty Acid Membranes,and Nucleosides Bind Better than Individual Bases Do

A major challenge in understanding how biological cells arose on the early Earth is explaining how RNA and membranes originally colocalized. We propose that the building blocks of RNA (nucleobases and ribose) bound to self-assembled prebiotic membranes. We have previously demonstrated that the bases bind to membranes composed of a prebiotic fatty acid, but evidence for the binding of sugars has remained a technical challenge. Here, we used pulsed-field gradient NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that ribose and other sugars bind to membranes of decanoic acid. Moreover, the binding of some bases is strongly enhanced when they are linked to ribose to form a nucleoside or – with the addition of phosphate – a nucleotide. This enhanced binding could have played a role in the molecular evolution leading to the production of RNA.     

A benchmark data set for two-phase Coriolis metering

For more than a decade there has been growing interest in the use of Coriolis mass flow metering applied to two-phase (gas/liquid) and multiphase (oil/water/gas) conditions. It is well-established that the mass flow and density measurements generated from multiphase flows are subject to large errors, and a variety of physical models and correction techniques have been proposed to explain and/or to compensate for these errors. One difficulty is the absence of a common basis for comparing correction techniques, because different flowtube designs and configurations, as well as liquid and gas properties, may result in quite different error curves. Furthermore, some researchers with interests in the modelling aspects of the field may not have suitable multiphase laboratory facilities to generate their own data sets. This paper offers a small data set that may be used by researchers as a benchmark i.e. a common data set for comparing correction techniques. The data set was collected at the UK National Flow Laboratory TUV-NEL, using air and a viscous oil, and provides experimental points over a wide flow range (8:1 turndown) and with Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) values up to 60%. As a first investigation using the benchmark data set, we consider how data sparsity (i.e. the flow rate and GVF spacing in the experimental grid) affects the accuracy of a correction model. A range of neural network models are evaluated, based on different subsets of the benchmark data set. The data set and some exemplary code are provided with the paper. Additional data sets are available on a web site created to support this initiative.     

高速列车转向架构架损伤、等效应力及寿命分布特性研究

为分析高速列车转向架构架损伤、等效应力及寿命分布特性，对构架疲劳关键测点进行动应力线路实测并对测点实测时域数据波形进行解析；基于实测应力时间历程及雨流计数法编制二维应力谱，利用Goodman等寿命方程将二维应力谱等效转换为一维应力谱；阐述线性累积损伤及非线性累积损伤模型的建立方法并对实测数据的线性累积损伤及非线性累积损伤进行了计算及对比分析；分别基于线性累积损伤理论及非线性累积损伤理论推导出各理论下的等效应力，基于实测数据对两种等效应力进行了计算及对比分析；通过结合非线性累积损伤及线性累积损伤理论计算的等效应力及不同可靠度下的材料S-N曲线计算并对比分析构架结构的疲劳寿命。研究结果表明，与非线性疲劳分析理论相比，线性疲劳分析理论对高速列车转向架构架的疲劳特性评估偏于保守。